Torture is Ethically Wrong: Analysis

Torture is Ethically Wrong AnalysisStephen D. DillehayesServing in a combat centered career in the military for almost two decades I have many experiences with the topic of torture. I have be classes on how to apply and resist, both with varying results. But one of the topics that always come up is Is torture ethically right. I believe argument stub be broken down into categories, how it affects the person and how it affects the states, which will reveal how it is fundamentally wrong. Lets look at two sides of the debate.ArgumentPremise 1 Provides training in time sensitive situations.Premise 2 The ends justify the means.Premise 3 The enemy uses it, so there isnt a reason we shouldnt.Conclusion Torture is lawfully and morally right.CounterargumentPremise 1 By dehumanizing someone you can collect information easier, but this also dehumanizes you.Premise 2 Human rights are hang by the torturer to get what he wants.Premise 3 Information received validity cant be trusted.Conclusion Torture is legally and morally wrong.The wrap upset premise of the counterargument is centered on the acts of violence inflicted by the torturer. To be affective as a torturer you have to think of your victim as less than human, in order to justify the human rights violations you have to commit to get any useful information. This process have been seen throughout history, the most notable is the Nazis treatment of the Jews in World War II. These actions can led to not lonesome(prenominal) war crimes, human rights violations but also legal ramifications which will have long depot effects on the person i.e. criminal charges and psychological damage.For the second premise you have to look at human rights on a global scale. The unite Nations, in 1948, wrote the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. One of the Articles contained in it is Article 5, which states No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or corrupting treatment or punishment. In particular, no one sh all be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. (UDHR, 1948). The United States of America was one of the members who helped order of payment and sign this collections of rights. By denying to fall it and allowing personnel within its g everywherenment or military to use torture as a mean to get information the United States government as a whole is guilty of human rights violations.The last premise can be summed up from the Army Field manual(a) 34-52 Chapter 1, Experience indicates that the use of force is not necessary to gain the cooperation of ancestors for interrogation. Therefore, the use of force is a poor technique, as it yields unreliable results, may damage consequent collection efforts, and can induce the source to say whatever he thinks the interrogator wants to hear. (AFM 34-52, 1992) This statement comes from an organization, the U.S. Army, which has been at war no stop with terrorism for over a decade and they dont even believe torture is an effective way to get information. It is hard to get a better first hand source then that.All of these lead to the conclusion that the argument is fundalmentally flawed. If you look at the main points you can see how they dont support the conclusion, whereas the counter argument not only supports but validates its conclusion. One, provides time sensitive information, which cant be trusted. Two, the ends justify the means, the same argument the Nazis use, which didnt make it right. Finally, our enemy use it so we should. This mindset was ban by the UN, which the US is part of, which makes the premise invalid.By looking at the evidence provided, which shows that torture dehumanized a person, but is globally wrong based off of articles of the UN, there is no other conclusion then torture is wrong. Not only on a personal standard, from what it does to someone. But since the USA has already signed an agreement banning it, it is legally wrong at the state level as well.Refer encesUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (10 December 1948) retrieved from http//www.claiminghumanrights.org/udhr_article_5.htmlFM 34-52 (1992, September 28) retrieved from https//fas.org/irp/doddir/ soldiery/fm34-52.pdf

The Ins and Outs of Organ Donation

The Ins and Outs of harmonium DonationCourtney WilliamsThe Ins and OutsAbstractOrgan gift, in simplest terms is the donation of vi subject tissues or organs from one human being to some other. Organ donations are received in two ways, living bestowers and cadaver donors. Donations such(prenominal) as, bone marrow, blood and blood components aid enhance another(prenominal)s life, dapple vital organs like the liver and kidney enkindle save anothers life. Organ donation is a unique and controversial situation for individu all(a) in ally individual and their family involved. The controversy throughout the world related to organ donation has specifically been impacted by all aspects of ethical, legal, organizational and societal views. The two programs in debate are opt-in and opt-out programs. Even though the two programs are completely different in how they work the main goal would be to increase voltage donors.Organ donation has been a wide spread controversial issue throughou t the world, involving all aspects of ethical, legal, organizational and societal views. Most of the issues surrounding organ donation are consent and ways to increase potential donors to awaiting transplant receiving systems ratio. Given the lack of organ donors, not just in the UK notwithstanding across the world, confederation needs to face up to the fact that, if we want more than raft to concur transplant surgery, organ donation aft(prenominal) death has to be discussed more openly (Tantam, 2007). The two programs are concluded to the opt-in and opt-out programs. Even though the two programs are completely different in how they work the main goal would be to increase donors. This type of program hopefully would reduce the number of people on waiting lists and individuals that are dying every day.More and more people die today waiting on an organ transplant. More than 110,000 Americans are on organ-transplant waiting lists, and demand for kidneys, lungs, hearts and other donated organs far exceeds the add up due to rising incidences of obesity, hypertension and diabetes (Mantel, 2011). The world needs to be better educated on all aspects of the transplant programs, hopefully increasing the number of the population willing to donate organs. Any decision a person makes without experience or knowledge causes distress and anxiety. Then when you throw in something as personal and terrifying as death, the decision can become much more difficult. Who should have to make that decision? in that location are many questions concerning this change that the Powers-That-Be have given simple yes and no answers to. This almost makes the whole thing to surreal. The medical field needs to have programs devoted to educating the population in a congenial an informative way. Most everyone who donates goes to the Secretary of State to get their license to drive. While up at the counter with all the paperwork required for a plate the nominate employee asked the quest ion, Would you like to be an organ donor? The answer is going to be a simple yes or no without even knowing how the whole process works. Education would have the benefit of more, not less donors.Humans can live for example with one kidney, provided share of one lung, part of the pancreas, part of the intestines or part of the liver. The body will compensate for the missing parts making it possible to live a long and healthy life. Any working(a) incisions left because of removal will be sutured shut and only a scar will be left behind. The deceased will be able to be viewed at their funeral. The family will not have any expense due to this procedure. All costs incurred will be paid by the recipient role or through an amends policy. As a registered donor you will still receive the same life saving medical care. Those are all the pros connected with saving someone.On the negative side surgery can be dangerous and cause death. Any minor operation carries risk such as bleeding, infe ction, blood clots, allergic reactions, or damage to other organs nearby. Organ donation is major surgery thitherfore can be life-threatening. There is pain and recovery conviction associated with this procedure. Also there may be scars and any complications that could develop later wont be covered by insurance.Once a longanimous has been referred by a doctor they are evaluated through a transplant program as a potential candidate. In order to get a doctors referral a person essential be at end-stage organ failure. The website organdonor.gov created by the Health Resources go Administration, U.S. part of Health and Human Services list a number of diseases that can lead to end-stage such as Cardiomyopathy, Cirrhosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Coronary magnetic core Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes, Hepatitis, Hypertension, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, and Short Gut Syndrome.There is much research to be done at this battery-acid. The person should obtain from the Health Resources and Services Administration a pamphlet that gives an overview of the process. This is free of charge for the donor or recipient. Next the person starts looking for a transplant infirmary. Things to consider are the location, compatibility with the patients insurance company, financial arrangements and the availability of a support group. Once the hospital has been chosen an appointment is made and an evaluation is done by the hospital personnel. This is necessary to see if the patient is a good candidate for a transplant. A successful candidate is then added to the OPTN National Transplant Waiting List. unremarkably within ten years this person is notified in writing giving the date and time they were put on the list. forthwith it is time to figure the big cost and how to afford to pay it. A lot of insurance companies cover most if not all the costs that can be occurred during this procedure. All insurance companies vary in what the y cover so the candidate must contact their company to determine what they will pay. The website organdonor.gov lists numerous cost occurring procedures such as science laboratory tests, organ procurement, transplant surgeons, and other operating room staff, in-hospital stays, transportation to and from the transplant hospital for surgery and check-ups, rehabilitation, and medications (including immunosuppressives or anti-rejection drugs). According to organdonor.gov the on average cost in 2008 ranged from $259,000.00 for a kidney transplant to $1,200,000.00 for a heart-lung transplant.The median wait depends on what organ is being transplanted. The waiting period can be from the minimum of 100 days up to a year or longer. Waiting for that call can be terrifying and heartbreaking because someone has to die in order for another person to live. Organdonor.gov implicates a chart breakdown for the waiting period of certain organs as follows a heart 113 days, lung 141 days, liver 361 da ys, kidneys 1219 days, pancreas 260 days and intestine 159 days.Now that the patient is on the list he or she must keep in touch with the transplant hospital at all times. They make certain(p) the hospital can reach them at all hours. Also all traveling plans have been made including alternate means. Some organs can only live outside the body for 4-6 hours such as the heart and lungs, but kidneys can survive up to 36 hours.In order for an organ to be considered a match the medical field takes into account blood type, the size of the individual, severity of the medical condition and distance between donor and recipients hospital. In the case of a heart transplant the person is given a status code designating the severity of damage to the heart. Since a heart can only live outside a body for 4-6 hours a recipient living closest to the donors hospital is chosen first. Sometimes there isnt anyone close and at that point the transplant team searches a greater distance from the donors hos pital. Also the heart or lung must fit inside the patients rib cage so then size match comes into play, and evaluation for prolonged survival following the transplant. former(a) organs like the liver, kidneys, pancreas and intestines have other considerations that need to be met besides the listed common elements.As stated above most people register as a donor through their state registry at the Department of State or by telling a family member. Unfortunately this is not constantly the case since accidents do happen. Most of these people are left with a diagnosis of brain death due to other medical issues occurring. Along with problems with diagnoses, medicines technological interests in transplantable organs (hearts) can bias the brain death test, raising serious ethical concerns (Gough, 2012). At this point the hospital does a serial of tests to determine if the potential donor has any brain activity. Lack of agreement on determination-of-death criteria has been a roadblock to the development of sound ethical protocols for donation after cardiac death in particular (Grasser, 2007). These people make the best donors because the hospital will keep these folks on life support.. When the patient has been articulate brain dead a transplant surgeon will then receive a call that they are always prepared for and immediately operate for that hospital. Time becomes critical since the organ may have only a small window to stay valuable. On a compassionate note the donors family is in mourning and you do not want to add to their pain by a long drawn out process. In time they will be happy knowing their loved one gave someone else a chance at a normal life.Every hospital in the country reports to the local Organ Procurement Organization whenever a patient is nearing death or has died. A representative then checks to see if that person has registered as a donor. When the patient is listed in the registry or permission granted the representative goes to the hospital a nd obtains the patients medical and social history. At this point he contacts the OPTN and the hunt is on for a recipient. Donor and recipients are matched through a database based on certain characteristics. This database finds a recipient that matches the common elements listed antecedently plus distance between the two hospitals. Since one donor may have several useful organs his body may actually help numerous people live. Therefore the database finds all potential recipients that match the donor. Then the surgical team takes off for the donors hospital and they remove all and any healthy tissues and organs, using the same sterile and careful method as in any surgery. These body parts have to be transported to the recipients hospital immediately since they can only survive for a short time. Finally after all these preparations one person dies but helps another liveMoney and power have a way of creeping into any good program. Therefore the danger exists that the wealthy and power ful will miraculously appear at the top of the list whether they belong there or not. There is no way the average person would ever know if it is operated fairly. In some of the poorer countries people are already selling a kidney or part of a lung or liver. Medical Science has reached glorious heights but also sometimes dehumanizes because of greed. This type of program has the potential to generate enormous profit.ReferencesGough, J. (2012, March). Henderson, D. Scott. Death and donation rethinking brain death as ameans for procuring transplantable organs. CHOICE Current Reviews for AcademicLibraries, 49(7), 1299. Retrieved fromhttp//go.galegroup.com.ez.lakemichigancollege.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA282213612v=2.1u=lom_lakemichit=rp=ITOFsw=wasid=185fc4d91a4760a3621736a6a444e343Grasser, P. L. (2007, Fall). Donation after cardiac death major ethical issues. Issues in Law Medicine, 23(2), 206+. Retrieved fromhttp//go.galegroup.com.ez.lakemichigancollege.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA173187663v= 2.1u=lom_lakemichit=rp=ITOFsw=wasid=a48199e4eeced619b300ac6d3fbc2944Mantel, B. (2011, April 15). Organ donations. CQ Researcher, 21, 337-360. Retrieved fromhttp//library.cqpress.com.ez.lakemichigancollege.edu/cqresearcher/Tantam, K. (2007). expiry to give? Talk about it should everyone be regarded as a potentialorgan donor when they die, unless they have previously opted out? We asked our readerspanel. Nursing Standard, 21(51), 26+. Retrieved fromhttp//go.galegroup.com.ez.lakemichigancollege.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA168820665v=2.1u=lom_lakemichit=rp=HRCAsw=wasid=1270d24d80928e36655fee62b5fab12cHealth Resources Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Retrieved from http//organdonor.gov/about/transplantationprocess.html

Consider The Theme Of Loneliness In The Novel Of Mice And Men. How :: English Literature

Consider The Theme Of Loneliness In The Novel Of Mice And Men. How Does It Affect The Characters?I will be looking at the theme of loneliness, how it effects thecharacters, how the scenes roll in with whats happening etc.When you read ab bulge out George and Lennie you realise that they have ahistory. You think that they are a perfect pair. One is smart,aggressive, quick and looks out for the other (George) while the otherone (Lennie) is slow, dumb, big, strong, kind, caring and needs to belooked out for. They fit together like a jigsaw.George and Lennie are the main characters and they are the only oneswith the biggest dream - to get a big house with rabbits. Thats whatkeeps them getting by dint of the day.Their relationship together doesnt look close but it is. George oncetold Lennie to jump into a river. He did it and nearly drowned which Ithink showed George how much Lennie trusted him so Lennie thought thathe would always be safe. Ever since then, George hasnt takenadvantage of his power over Lennie.Two things drive their relationship. Their dreams, that keeps themgoing through the day and the caution of loneliness. Neither one of themwants to be alone nor so they fear it. Like when Lennie threatens togo into the cave alone and so therefore George fears and tries to keephim.George is a stabbing man. His features are very precise and fixed. Eachpart of him is defined small strong hands, slender arms and a thinbony nose. Steinbeck also says that he has restless eyes, whichsometimes scares me because you get this picture in your head of tiredopen eyes. Steinbeck describes George like this so that he is the enemy of Lennie, which makes them opposite in each way.Georges personality is a bit bad tempered. Hes like Lennies motherbecause hes always looking out for Lennie, which I guess makes him acaring person. Hes also con tempered, as he gets agitated veryeasily, usually at Lennie. I think that the reason why George is sofrustrated is because he has to put up with Lennies stupidity all thetime, which would make anyone frustrated.I guess you could call George friendly because he made friends withall of the people at the ranch except for Curley and his wife. Hedidnt make friends with them because being friends with them wouldcause trouble. Thats a smart thing and being smart is another qualityof Georges personality.I think that by making George the opposite of Lennie, Steinbeck is

The Moon is Down :: essays research papers

Throughout known history the system of democracy seems to be the virtually just, the most logical and the fairest of all ruling systems. Its ability to adjust to changing times is only oneness reason for its perseverance. In John Steinbecks The Moon is Down, this potency is displayed through the towns populate led by Mayor Orden, under the oppressive heels of their conquerors.One of the most obvious examples of democracys endurance is the resistance displayed by the townspeople against their invaders. The oppression and invasion of the conquerors arouse, instead of crush, the desire in the defeated for freedom. These people, who have lived with the idea of a free rule of democracy, refuse to be chained down under the oppressive rule of the conquerors. It is for this reason that they strike back at their invaders. As said by Mayor Orden to Colonel Lanser of the aggressors, The people dont like to be conquered, sir, and so they will not be. Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars. pp. 185-186 Thus, it is because of their freedom that people accept in the free rule of democracy do not let down and die when conquered, do not accept their being robbed of their rights, and fight against what is unjustly done to them.The townspeople fight on again, perhaps with even more resolve, after the execution of Alex Morden, instead of their spirits being crushed, as was the intent. The entire answer of Alex Mordens public execution was to dissuade potential upstarts, but the result was the exact opposite of what was desired. The public display only empowered the townspeoples resolve to fight back. To put it in Mayor Ordens words, Our people are invaded, but I dont think theyre conquered. p 139 Consequently, these people refuse to be put down, and, when faced with situations like Alexs death, are not deterred but continue on with strengthened resolve.While resistance is one aspect of democracys endurance, determination is another powerful ability it has, as it is shown in the Anders boys escape to Britain for help. Because of their overwhelming desire for freedom, the townspeople were willing to, and did, emphasise anything possible to rebel against their invaders.

Nike Inc and Sweatshops Essay -- Nike vs Human Rights

Table of ContentIntroduction Case study epitomeFacts which equal the decision Choices/Alternatives Stakeholder How do the alternatives impact society?How do the alternative impact business?How do the alternatives impact me, as a decision churchman?How ethical or unethical would be each of my alternatives?What course of action should be taken?Conclusion Recommendations References ..IntroductionThis paper will give a brief introduction about the history of Nike Sweatshops which will shed the light on their public image and their manufacturing process. It will further move to the suggested alternatives, what facts impact them, their stakeholder and their impact on the economic as comfortably as social basis. In the end, it will discuss if the given choices are legal and ethical or not.Nikes sweatshop manufacturing practices which can be seen through media have shown people that this company goes under the good guys images, these images which are displayed in their commercials show people that their employees are treated well and their happy in their working environment. In addition, Nike is a worldwide known company and it is among the top empires just as Adidas and Puma. It has more than 900 factories which are located in an estimated 50 countries, they also have more than 660 000 workers which most of them are women. However, although they have a lot of factories around the world, their main manufacture factories are located in China, Indonesia, and Vietnam which are basically countries with the most minimum salaries rate given to the workers. Nike chooses these locations for their production of their merchandise because of the cheap ... ...orkersEmployees must make their voice heard through let out up sessions to talk directly to the directors of Nike about their concernsConsumers must be aware of the changes that might occur in Nike through media and social awarenessReferencesAlternative to sweatshops. (n.d.). Retrieved from https// identifys.google.co m/site/fairtradelabor/about-us-5ORourke, D. (2001, Feburary 27). To fix sweatshop conditions in factories, we must listen to workers. Retrieved from http//nature.berkeley.edu/orourke/media/globe-op-ed.htmlNike case study. (2012, September 09). Retrieved from http//professional-ethics-articles.blogspot.ae/2012/09/nike-case-study.htmlPittman, B. (2012, September 14). Nike sweatshop history Should action be taken?. Retrieved from https//sites.google.com/site/americanlaborcrises/labor-crises/nike-sweatshop-action

Time Management Action Plan Essay -- essays research papers

For me it seems like there is too many tasks to complete and seldom enough measure. Effective and efficient date centering is something that I have manner for improvement on and have great use of. I started by taking a prison term management survey. 1 Accept ProblemMy results from this symptomatic survey on time management assured me that my time management skills are low. The survey revealed that I am on the bottom of the scale of time management. There were two sections of the survey. One section measured your time management skills in an office setting and the other section measured your time management skill in your personal life. By having two sections you can compare your time management skills for the two different settings. The add together score measures your overall time management skills and it also puts the score in a category. My scores of 27 points for personal life and 31 points for office settings combines to a 58 point total score. My combined score falls in t o the lowest category that suggests that training is necessary and will considerably enhance my effectiveness. The first step of solving a problem is identifying it. After taking this survey I have proof that my time management skills are low. Time management has been a long time problem for me. I have always found excuses for not doing things on time or running late. My main excuse is being involved in so many things as a college student. All of this is true, but it shouldnt be an excuse. I currently work as a lifeguard among classes, tutor nights and weekends, work at a bar weekends, I hold a vice president position in American Marketing Association, I am a member of Society for Human Resource Management, team captain for Cleveland States division I swim team, and I am co-president for Student Athletic Advisory Board. Good time management is needed for all these extras. If I could improve my time management skills I think I would get better in most things that I do. I would be ab le to enhance my grades in school and be better in the workforce. I would be more relaxed and have a feel of control.2, Goals and PrioritiesThe first step in effectively managing time is to develop a debate of long-range goals. This statement of goals will allow you to set short range goals and to prioritize specific activities according to how much they contribute to your goals. Setting these long-range goals ma... ...t already have the bundle required or a hand held organizer. For me I am using this as a last step also as a goal. When I reach this point I will allow my self to buy a hand held computer. This would be my reward for reaching this far. This step should take 1-3 weeks.ImplementingI have many times tried to improve my time management. Every semester I start with a calendar, but about half way by means of I usually do not use it anymore. This semester I decided that I needed to use it all the time and I am lock up using it. I think that if I had used this action pla n the first time I wanted to start using a calendar I would have been successful at first. Now when I will start using this action plan I am sure that I will keep using my calendar and also be able to live a less stressful life. It will stop me from my last refined studying for tests and forgetting about meetings. I will be able to live a well-balanced, goal-oriented life without unnecessary stress. ReferencesPoser, B. (2003) Time Management for Students http//www.yorku.ca/cdc/lsp/tmonline/time.htmWhetten, D., Cameron, K. (2002) Developing Management Skills

Sandi Vs The Voice Of Temptation :: essays research papers

You may not recognise me at first. But trust me, you have intercourse me well. Im the voice that makes you crave those "Light and Tangy" potato chips, and the mocha cream puff - the one with inch-thick cream and smooth lemon vanilla custard, sandwiched between light choux pastry with mocha flavoured icing on top, drizzled with chocolate. Do you k instanter who I am now?Im the reason you smoke 20 cigarettes every day - you try to give up, but we both know you always sabotage in and smoke all the more. We both know youll never give up. You like it too much. In fact, you need one right now, dont you? Go on have one. You know its no risk, even sensible Logic tells you that people get killed just crossing the road. "Weve all gotta die sometime" - right? And, dont apprehension about that cream puff - you can walk the dogs later to work the calories off. Ok, so we both know Procrastination will come along and youll gravel it off until tomorrow - but dont hassle about that now. You need a cigarette and one more is not going to kill you (not right now anyway). Why not enjoy the moment? Got ya See it works every timeRemember the other day when you "chose" not to go to school because, by and by all, you werent going to miss anything important, were you? That was me. Ha There you were, snuggled in your fluffy doona, sleepy, and warm. As you woke, you sensed the dark clouds outside dimming the room, and you heard the rain splattering on the roof and lashing at the windows, and it was such a neat idea to stay there wasnt it? Yes, you certainly thought so at the time. You missed the lettuce of a new topic at school, but hey, youll catch up. Of course the first thing youll have to do is finish catching up on the theory you missed from before ... but you can do it ... later. Things always work out - just go with the flow - hey, I wouldnt want you to worry now, would I? Trust meTrust you? Now that youve revealed your true colours I realise what a fool Ive been. Ive listened to you all along, going against what I truly knew was good for me, all the time unaware of your power over me.